Weeks before the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, Indian theorist Chandra Talpade Mohanty published her book, Feminism without Borders, in which she discusses the hegemony of Western feminism and its deadly transnational effects. In doing so, Mohanty did not reveal a truth that other feminists had somehow missed. She did, however, theorize what she called “third world difference”–that brute pedestal upon which western feminists stand as they survey the world. Mohanty uses the term to critique the problematic practices and relationships through which western feminism purports to speak for third world women. Mohanty describes this “difference” as “that stable, ahistorical something.” Through this difference, or perhaps a chasm, middle class culture and its history becomes a “code” that subsumes everyone’s experiences and moves them at will.
Many question the importance of difference to feminist thought. These questions can often turn into simplistic lectures on the importance of the unity of women and a belief in their shared weakness. This belief relies on the commonly held notion that men are all-powerful in society. I do not, however, want to address the matter of the gender identity and daily experiences that a “woman” and “man” are presumed to have. What I do wish to address is this repulsive idea of unity. Mohanty makes an important point when she states that “patriarchy is always necessarily male dominance, and the religious, legal, economic, and familial systems are implicitly assumed to be constructed by men,” critiquing the widely-held belief that these institutions were simply dropped upon women from the heavens.
In this context of men allegedly creating patriarchal systems, women appear pessimistic and passive, victims even in their attempts to write a counter-narrative about their experiences and resistance. Questions about difference are marginalized and summarized as “automatic self-referential, individualist ideas of the political (or feminist) subject.” That is, the experiences of women in marginalized classes and groups, or subaltern groups, become simply a tool to measure the extents of gender oppression.
In that case, how can we use difference to dismantle western hegemony on the body of feminism?













